DeepTunisia
Atlas

Four compressions of the whole dataset. All four respond to the evidence threshold and layer filters above.

Structure by era

One panel per era. Node positions are identical in every panel, so only the structure changes: circle size is the number of people holding posts in that institution, and a line means at least one person held posts in both. Watch the security cluster thicken after 1991 and again after 2021.

Presidency of the Republic — 2 officeholdersHead of Government — 26 officeholdersMinistry of the Interior — 6 officeholdersDirectorate-General of National Security — 6 officeholdersNational Guard — 1 officeholdersMilitary Security Directorate — 1 officeholdersPresidential Security — 1 officeholdersMinistry of National Defence — 3 officeholdersCentral Bank of Tunisia — 7 officeholdersEnnahda Movement — 1 officeholdersBeylical Government — 1 officeholdersParliament — 5 officeholdersProgressive Democratic Party — 1 officeholdersPoulina Group Holding — 1 officeholdersMovement of Socialist Democrats — 1 officeholders
Bourguiba Presidency + party-state > military 15 institutions · 16 crossings
Presidency of the Republic — 2 officeholdersHead of Government — 17 officeholdersMinistry of the Interior — 4 officeholdersDirectorate-General of National Security — 2 officeholdersNational Guard — 1 officeholdersPresidential Security — 1 officeholdersMinistry of National Defence — 3 officeholdersCentral Bank of Tunisia — 2 officeholdersEnnahda Movement — 1 officeholdersElloumi Group / COFICAB — 1 officeholdersParliament — 4 officeholdersProgressive Democratic Party — 1 officeholdersPoulina Group Holding — 1 officeholdersTunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights — 1 officeholdersMovement of Socialist Democrats — 1 officeholders
Ben Ali consolidation Military + intelligence + Interior -> Presidency 15 institutions · 8 crossings
Presidency of the Republic — 1 officeholdersHead of Government — 19 officeholdersMinistry of Religious Affairs — 4 officeholdersDirectorate-General of National Security — 3 officeholdersMinistry of the Interior — 4 officeholdersLand Army — 1 officeholdersAir Force — 1 officeholdersNavy — 1 officeholdersMilitary Security Directorate — 1 officeholdersPresidential Security — 2 officeholdersMinistry of National Defence — 2 officeholdersCentral Bank of Tunisia — 3 officeholdersEnnahda Movement — 1 officeholdersCongress for the Republic — 1 officeholdersDemocratic Forum for Labour and Liberties — 1 officeholdersUTICA — 1 officeholdersMabrouk Group — 1 officeholdersElloumi Group / COFICAB — 2 officeholdersNessma TV — 1 officeholdersTunisian Television Broadcasting Establishment — 4 officeholdersHannibal TV — 1 officeholdersEl Hiwar Ettounsi — 1 officeholdersMosaique FM — 1 officeholdersLeaders — 1 officeholdersSTEG — 1 officeholdersAudit Court — 1 officeholdersNational Order of Lawyers of Tunisia — 1 officeholdersParliament — 2 officeholdersProgressive Democratic Party — 2 officeholdersPoulina Group Holding — 1 officeholdersTunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights — 2 officeholders
The mature police state Presidency + Interior + police > military 31 institutions · 6 crossings
Presidency of the Republic — 4 officeholdersHead of Government — 21 officeholdersMinistry of the Interior — 5 officeholdersMinistry of Religious Affairs — 4 officeholdersDirectorate-General of National Security — 4 officeholdersNational Guard — 1 officeholdersTunisian Armed Forces — 3 officeholdersLand Army — 3 officeholdersAir Force — 3 officeholdersNavy — 1 officeholdersMilitary Security Directorate — 2 officeholdersPresidential Security — 1 officeholdersOffice of the National Security Adviser — 1 officeholdersMinistry of National Defence — 2 officeholdersCentral Bank of Tunisia — 3 officeholdersEnnahda Movement — 1 officeholdersNidaa Tounes — 1 officeholdersCongress for the Republic — 1 officeholdersDemocratic Forum for Labour and Liberties — 1 officeholdersUGTT — 1 officeholdersUTICA — 1 officeholdersMabrouk Group — 1 officeholdersElloumi Group / COFICAB — 2 officeholdersNessma TV — 1 officeholdersHigh Independent Authority for Audiovisual Communication — 1 officeholdersTunisian Television Broadcasting Establishment — 5 officeholdersHannibal TV — 1 officeholdersEl Hiwar Ettounsi — 2 officeholdersZitouna TV — 2 officeholdersMosaique FM — 1 officeholdersLeaders — 1 officeholdersTunisair — 1 officeholdersSTEG — 1 officeholdersSONEDE — 1 officeholdersCourt of Cassation — 1 officeholdersAdministrative Court — 2 officeholdersAudit Court — 3 officeholdersNational Order of Lawyers of Tunisia — 2 officeholdersTruth and Dignity Commission — 1 officeholdersIndependent High Authority for Elections — 2 officeholdersParliament — 4 officeholdersProgressive Democratic Party — 1 officeholdersRepublican Party — 1 officeholdersDemocratic Current — 1 officeholdersPeople's Movement — 2 officeholdersPopular Front — 1 officeholdersFree Patriotic Union — 1 officeholdersRepublican People's Union — 1 officeholdersNational Destourian Initiative — 1 officeholdersPoulina Group Holding — 1 officeholdersConfederation of Citizen Enterprises of Tunisia — 1 officeholdersTunisian Union of Agriculture and Fisheries — 1 officeholdersHigher Authority for the Realisation of the Objectives of the Revolution, Political Reform and Democratic Transition — 1 officeholdersTunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights — 2 officeholders
Revolution and transition Military legitimacy up, Interior legitimacy collapses 54 institutions · 12 crossings
Presidency of the Republic — 4 officeholdersHead of Government — 17 officeholdersMinistry of the Interior — 6 officeholdersMinistry of Religious Affairs — 6 officeholdersDirectorate-General of National Security — 5 officeholdersDirectorate-General of Public Security — 1 officeholdersNational Guard — 4 officeholdersNational Guard Special Unit — 1 officeholdersLand Army — 2 officeholdersAir Force — 3 officeholdersNavy — 2 officeholdersTunisian Armed Forces — 2 officeholdersMilitary Security Directorate — 1 officeholdersNational Agency for Security and Defence Intelligence — 1 officeholdersPresidential Security — 1 officeholdersOffice of the National Security Adviser — 2 officeholdersMinistry of National Defence — 3 officeholdersCentral Bank of Tunisia — 2 officeholdersEnnahda Movement — 1 officeholdersNidaa Tounes — 1 officeholdersQalb Tounes — 1 officeholdersTahya Tounes — 1 officeholdersFree Destourian Party — 1 officeholdersUGTT — 2 officeholdersUTICA — 1 officeholdersMabrouk Group — 1 officeholdersElloumi Group / COFICAB — 2 officeholdersNessma TV — 1 officeholdersHigh Independent Authority for Audiovisual Communication — 1 officeholdersTunisian Television Broadcasting Establishment — 3 officeholdersEl Hiwar Ettounsi — 1 officeholdersZitouna TV — 2 officeholdersAttessia TV — 1 officeholdersMosaique FM — 1 officeholdersLeaders — 1 officeholdersTunisair — 3 officeholdersSONEDE — 1 officeholdersSNCFT — 1 officeholdersLa Poste Tunisienne — 1 officeholdersSTB — 1 officeholdersBNA — 1 officeholdersSuperior Council of the Judiciary — 1 officeholdersCourt of Cassation — 3 officeholdersAdministrative Court — 2 officeholdersAudit Court — 2 officeholdersNational Order of Lawyers of Tunisia — 3 officeholdersTruth and Dignity Commission — 1 officeholdersIndependent High Authority for Elections — 3 officeholdersParliament — 2 officeholdersRepublican Party — 2 officeholdersDemocratic Current — 2 officeholdersPeople's Movement — 1 officeholdersPopular Front — 1 officeholdersFree Patriotic Union — 1 officeholdersRepublican People's Union — 1 officeholdersDignity Coalition — 1 officeholdersMachrouu Tounes — 1 officeholdersNational Destourian Initiative — 1 officeholdersDirectorate-General of Customs — 1 officeholdersPoulina Group Holding — 1 officeholdersConfederation of Citizen Enterprises of Tunisia — 1 officeholdersTunisian Union of Agriculture and Fisheries — 1 officeholdersAssociation of Tunisian Magistrates — 1 officeholdersTunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights — 2 officeholdersNational Anti-Corruption Authority — 1 officeholdersOffice of the Mufti of the Republic — 1 officeholders
Competitive elite pluralism Parties + business groups + security institutions compete 66 institutions · 15 crossings
Presidency of the Republic — 3 officeholdersHead of Government — 16 officeholdersParliament — 2 officeholdersMinistry of the Interior — 3 officeholdersMinistry of Religious Affairs — 1 officeholdersDirectorate-General of National Security — 3 officeholdersDirectorate-General of Public Security — 1 officeholdersNational Guard — 1 officeholdersNational Guard Special Unit — 1 officeholdersLand Army — 1 officeholdersAir Force — 1 officeholdersNavy — 2 officeholdersTunisian Armed Forces — 1 officeholdersMilitary Security Directorate — 1 officeholdersNational Agency for Security and Defence Intelligence — 1 officeholdersPresidential Security — 1 officeholdersOffice of the National Security Adviser — 1 officeholdersMinistry of National Defence — 2 officeholdersCentral Bank of Tunisia — 1 officeholdersEnnahda Movement — 1 officeholdersNidaa Tounes — 1 officeholdersQalb Tounes — 1 officeholdersTahya Tounes — 1 officeholdersFree Destourian Party — 1 officeholdersUGTT — 1 officeholdersMabrouk Group — 1 officeholdersElloumi Group / COFICAB — 1 officeholdersNessma TV — 1 officeholdersHigh Independent Authority for Audiovisual Communication — 1 officeholdersTunisian Television Broadcasting Establishment — 1 officeholdersEl Hiwar Ettounsi — 1 officeholdersZitouna TV — 1 officeholdersMosaique FM — 1 officeholdersLeaders — 1 officeholdersTunisair — 2 officeholdersSONEDE — 1 officeholdersSNCFT — 1 officeholdersLa Poste Tunisienne — 2 officeholdersSTB — 2 officeholdersBNA — 1 officeholdersSuperior Council of the Judiciary — 1 officeholdersCourt of Cassation — 1 officeholdersAdministrative Court — 1 officeholdersAudit Court — 1 officeholdersNational Order of Lawyers of Tunisia — 1 officeholdersIndependent High Authority for Elections — 1 officeholdersRepublican Party — 1 officeholdersDemocratic Current — 2 officeholdersPeople's Movement — 1 officeholdersPopular Front — 1 officeholdersFree Patriotic Union — 1 officeholdersRepublican People's Union — 1 officeholdersDignity Coalition — 1 officeholdersMachrouu Tounes — 1 officeholdersNational Destourian Initiative — 1 officeholdersDirectorate-General of Customs — 1 officeholdersConfederation of Citizen Enterprises of Tunisia — 1 officeholdersTunisian Union of Agriculture and Fisheries — 1 officeholdersAssociation of Tunisian Magistrates — 1 officeholdersTunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights — 1 officeholdersNational Anti-Corruption Authority — 1 officeholdersOffice of the Mufti of the Republic — 1 officeholders
Fragmentation Party system collapses; outsider presidency 62 institutions · 4 crossings
Presidency of the Republic — 2 officeholdersHead of Government — 15 officeholdersParliament — 2 officeholdersMinistry of the Interior — 4 officeholdersMinistry of National Defence — 4 officeholdersMinistry of Religious Affairs — 3 officeholdersDirectorate-General of National Security — 4 officeholdersDirectorate-General of Public Security — 1 officeholdersNational Guard — 4 officeholdersNational Guard Special Unit — 1 officeholdersLand Army — 1 officeholdersAir Force — 1 officeholdersNavy — 1 officeholdersTunisian Armed Forces — 1 officeholdersMilitary Security Directorate — 1 officeholdersNational Agency for Security and Defence Intelligence — 1 officeholdersPresidential Security — 1 officeholdersOffice of the National Security Adviser — 1 officeholdersCentral Bank of Tunisia — 2 officeholdersEnnahda Movement — 1 officeholdersQalb Tounes — 1 officeholdersTahya Tounes — 1 officeholdersFree Destourian Party — 1 officeholdersUGTT — 1 officeholdersMabrouk Group — 1 officeholdersElloumi Group / COFICAB — 1 officeholdersNessma TV — 1 officeholdersHigh Independent Authority for Audiovisual Communication — 2 officeholdersTunisian Television Broadcasting Establishment — 2 officeholdersEl Hiwar Ettounsi — 1 officeholdersZitouna TV — 1 officeholdersMosaique FM — 1 officeholdersLeaders — 1 officeholdersTunisair — 2 officeholdersSTEG — 1 officeholdersSONEDE — 1 officeholdersSNCFT — 2 officeholdersLa Poste Tunisienne — 2 officeholdersETAP — 1 officeholdersSTB — 2 officeholdersBNA — 2 officeholdersBH Bank — 1 officeholdersSuperior Council of the Judiciary — 2 officeholdersCourt of Cassation — 2 officeholdersAdministrative Court — 1 officeholdersAudit Court — 1 officeholdersNational Order of Lawyers of Tunisia — 3 officeholdersIndependent High Authority for Elections — 2 officeholdersNational Council of Regions and Districts — 1 officeholdersRepublican Party — 1 officeholdersDemocratic Current — 1 officeholdersPeople's Movement — 1 officeholdersFree Patriotic Union — 1 officeholdersRepublican People's Union — 1 officeholdersDignity Coalition — 1 officeholdersMachrouu Tounes — 1 officeholdersDirectorate-General of Customs — 4 officeholdersGafsa Phosphate Company — 1 officeholdersNational Social Security Fund — 1 officeholdersTunisie Telecom — 1 officeholdersOoredoo Tunisia — 1 officeholdersPoulina Group Holding — 1 officeholdersConfederation of Citizen Enterprises of Tunisia — 2 officeholdersTunisian Union of Agriculture and Fisheries — 2 officeholdersAssociation of Tunisian Magistrates — 1 officeholdersTunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights — 2 officeholdersOffice of the Mufti of the Republic — 2 officeholdersMinistry of Health — 1 officeholders
Presidential re-centralisation Presidency + security apparatus > all other institutions 68 institutions · 6 crossings

Who outlasts the regimes

Every person holding a senior post, against the seven eras. A filled cell means they held office during that era, shaded by the authority of the post. Rows are sorted by how many eras they span, so the answer to the question this project starts from is simply the top of this list.

BourguibaBen Ali consolidationThe mature police stateRevolution and transitionCompetitive elite pluralismFragmentationPresidential re-centralisation eras tenure

Institutional crossings

How many individuals held senior posts in both of any two institutions. Bright cells off the security diagonal are the career pipelines — military into intelligence into the presidency, gendarmerie into the Interior Ministry, business into party into cabinet.

Presidency of the RepublicHead of GovernmentParliamentCNRDISIEHigher Authority for the Realisation of the Objectives of the Revolution, Political Reform and Democratic TransitionMinistry of Religious AffairsOffice of the Mufti of the RepublicMinistry of National DefenceTunisian Armed ForcesLand ArmyAir ForceNavyMilitary Security DirectorateANRSDMinistry of the InteriorDGSNNational GuardUSGNDirectorate-General of Public SecurityPresidential SecurityOffice of the National Security AdviserCPGMinistry of HealthEnnahda MovementTTNidaa TounesOoredoo TunisiaQalb TounesTahya TounesPDLCNSSCPRDirectorate-General of CustomsEttakatol/FDTLPGHCONECTPDPMabrouk GroupUTAPElloumi Group / COFICABUPLPopular FrontCentral Bank of TunisiaDemocratic CurrentUTICAIDTunisairUGTTPeople's MovementSTEGMDSSONEDERepublican PartySNCFTNessma TVETTAMTDignity CoalitionLa Poste TunisienneMachrouu TounesETAPHannibal TVSTBZitouna TVBNAEl Hiwar EttounsiBHAttessia TVRepublican People's UnionMosaique FMCSMCourt of CassationAdministrative CourtAudit CourtONATIVDLeadersHAICALTDHINLUCCBeylical Government
Presidency of the Republic341131111
Head of Government3424172111311
Parliament44221111
National Council of Regions and Districts
Independent High Authority for Elections
Higher Authority for the Realisation of the Objectives of the Revolution, Political Reform and Democratic Transition
Ministry of Religious Affairs2111
Office of the Mufti of the Republic1
Ministry of National Defence42121
Tunisian Armed Forces11
Land Army11
Air Force1
Navy
Military Security Directorate11111
National Agency for Security and Defence Intelligence
Ministry of the Interior17121321
Directorate-General of National Security3221321
National Guard21
National Guard Special Unit1
Directorate-General of Public Security
Presidential Security2
Office of the National Security Adviser11
Gafsa Phosphate Company
Ministry of Health
Ennahda Movement1
Tunisie Telecom
Nidaa Tounes1111
Ooredoo Tunisia
Qalb Tounes1
Tahya Tounes1
Free Destourian Party
National Social Security Fund
Congress for the Republic11
Directorate-General of Customs
Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties1
Poulina Group Holding
Confederation of Citizen Enterprises of Tunisia
Progressive Democratic Party1
Mabrouk Group
Tunisian Union of Agriculture and Fisheries
Elloumi Group / COFICAB11
Free Patriotic Union
Popular Front
Central Bank of Tunisia3
Democratic Current
UTICA
National Destourian Initiative11
Tunisair1
UGTT
People's Movement
STEG
Movement of Socialist Democrats11
SONEDE
Republican Party1
SNCFT1
Nessma TV1
Tunisian Television Broadcasting Establishment
Association of Tunisian Magistrates
Dignity Coalition
La Poste Tunisienne
Machrouu Tounes
ETAP
Hannibal TV
STB
Zitouna TV
BNA
El Hiwar Ettounsi
BH Bank
Attessia TV
Republican People's Union
Mosaique FM
Superior Council of the Judiciary1
Court of Cassation1
Administrative Court
Audit Court
National Order of Lawyers of Tunisia111
Truth and Dignity Commission
Leaders
High Independent Authority for Audiovisual Communication
Tunisian League for the Defence of Human Rights111
National Anti-Corruption Authority1
Beylical Government

How long offices keep their holders

Median tenure per office, shortest first, for the 23 offices with at least 4 recorded holders. The bar spans the shortest to the longest tenure on record and the notch marks the median. This is computed from position intervals alone — no weighting and no editorial judgement — which makes the asymmetry at the top of this list the clearest pattern the dataset produces without being asked.

  1. President of the Public Television Establishment 11 1y
  2. Minister of Justice 23* 1y 2m
  3. Director-General of National Security 20 1y 3m
  4. Minister of the Interior 24* 1y 3m
  5. Head of Government 20 1y 4m
  6. Minister of Foreign Affairs 28 1y 5m
  7. Minister of Religious Affairs 14* 1y 6m
  8. Minister of National Defence 14 1y 7m
  9. Minister of Finance 24 1y 7m
  10. Président-Directeur Général 4 1y 10m
  11. Director-General of Customs 4 1y 11m
  12. Director-General Commander of the National Guard 8 1y 11m
  13. Chief of Staff of the Air Force 5 2y
  14. President of the Court of Cassation 4 2y 9m
  15. President of the Bar Association 7 3y
  16. Speaker of Parliament 15* 3y
  17. President of the Independent High Authority for Elections 5 3y 3m
  18. Grand Vizier 23 4y
  19. Governor of the Central Bank 14 4y 3m
  20. President of the Republic 7* 4y 7m
  21. President of the Tunisian League for Human Rights 5 5y
  22. Chief of Staff of the Land Army 4 5y 1m
  23. President of the Audit Court 4 5y 4m

Turnover is not evidence of instability, purge or hidden control, and this dataset offers no explanation for the spread — the question is open and recorded as such on the evidence page. Interim and acting appointments are counted as holders and marked *, which inflates the churn of offices that use them. Tenures drawn from uncertain dates carry that uncertainty into the median.

Jan 14, 2011 The mature police state · 32 in post
Evidence
Layers